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Open to Interpretation…The Art and Science of Inkblots
Ashland, OH: Hogrefe, 2009
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Principles of Neuropsychology
Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, 2008
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Military Psychology: Clinical and Operational Applications
New York, NY: Guilford, 2006
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The Quest for
the Nazi Personality

Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1995

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Neuropsychological Assessment and Intervention
Springfield, IL: Charles Thomas, 1992
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THE QUEST FOR THE NAZI PERSONALITY:
A Psychological Investigation of Nazi War Criminals

Eric A. Zillmer, Molly Harrower, Barry A. Ritzler, & Robert P. Archer
Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1995

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Is there a system for reading the data that everyone agrees on?

Since first described by Rorschach, the inkblot technique has enjoyed a rich but often controversial history regarding the precise nature of the test's administration, scoring, and interpretation. This controversy is related, in part, to the developer of the test having died in 1922 at the early age of 38, just a year after the test was published, and to the subsequent loss of leadership regarding the use of the test. The test was picked up by a lot of different groups in psychology-ranging form behavioral to very analytic – and so different systems evolved for how to administer the test and interpret it. Over the last 20 years, the Rorschach Inkblot test has been summarized and systematized by John Exner, Jr. in an intensive effort to make the Rorschach technique more objective and empirical. About 90% of psychologists now use the Exner system, which is actually based on five older scoring systems. The Exner system really brought cohesion to the interpretation and teaching of the Rorschach.

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